Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [L12L23]

카탈로그 번호 F2228

인쇄

생물학적 설명

특이성

Glutamine Synthetase Antibody [L12L23]는 총 Glutamine Synthetase 효소 단백질의 내인성 수준을 검출합니다.
배경

글루타민 합성효소(GS)는 암모늄과 글루탐산을 글루타민으로 전환하는 반응을 촉매하는 ATP 의존성 효소로, 유리 암모니아 독성을 줄이고 질소의 간 운반을 촉진하여 질소 Metabolism에서 중요한 역할을 합니다. GS는 뇌, 간, 근육, 지방 조직 및 폐를 포함한 다양한 조직에서 광범위하게 발현되며, 특히 섬유아세포, 지방세포 및 면역 세포와 같은 종양 미세환경 세포에서 두드러지게 나타나 종양 촉진 표현형을 지원합니다. 뇌에서 GS는 흥분성 및 억제성 시냅스 균형을 유지하는 글루타민-글루탐산-γ-아미노뷰티르산(GABA) 회로에 필수적입니다. 효소의 활성과 안정성은 글루타민 가용성에 의해 조절됩니다. 글루타민 결핍 상태에서는 대식세포 및 암 관련 섬유아세포와 같은 암 관련 세포에서 GS 발현이 상향 조절되어 종양 진행을 촉진하는 방식으로 대사 및 기능적 특성을 변경합니다.

사용 정보

응용 WB, IHC 희석
WB IHC
1:1000 -1: 5000 1:500
반응성 Human, Mouse, Rat
출처 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody MW 42 kDa
보관 완충액 PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN₃
보관
(수령일로부터)		 –20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years
WB
Experimental Protocol:
 
Sample preparation
1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature or lyse it by sonication on ice, then incubate on ice for 30 minutes.
2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and transfer the cells into an EP tube. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.
3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice.Add an appropriate volume of RIPA/NP-40 Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail), sonicate to lyse the cells, and incubate on ice for 30 minutes.
4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant;
5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration;
6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice.
 
Electrophoretic separation
1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 10%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations
2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.)
 
Transfer membrane
1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter;
2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer;
3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip";
4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications
Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min.
( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.)
 
Block
1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes;
2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature;
3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.
 
Antibody incubation
1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight;
2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time;
3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour;
4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time.
 
Antibody staining
997. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly;
2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.
IHC

Experimental Protocol：

 
Deparaffinization/Rehydration
1. Deparaffinize/hydrate sections:
2. Incubate sections in three washes of xylene for 5 min each.
3. Incubate sections in two washes of 100% ethanol for 10 min each.
4. Incubate sections in two washes of 95% ethanol for 10 min each.
5. Wash sections two times in dH2O for 5 min each.
6.Antigen retrieval: For Citrate: Heat slides in a microwave submersed in 1X citrate unmasking solution until boiling is initiated; continue with 10 min at a sub-boiling temperature (95°-98°C). Cool slides on bench top for 30 min.
 
Staining
1. Wash sections in dH2O three times for 5 min each.
2. Incubate sections in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min.
3. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
4. Wash sections in wash buffer for 5 min.
5. Block each section with 100–400 µl of blocking solution for 1 hr at room temperature.
6. Remove blocking solution and add 100–400 µl primary antibody diluent in to each section. Incubate overnight at 4°C.
7. Remove antibody solution and wash sections with wash buffer three times for 5 min each.
8. Cover section with 1–3 drops HRPas needed. Incubate in a humidified chamber for 30 min at room temperature.
9. Wash sections three times with wash buffer for 5 min each.
10. Add DAB Chromogen Concentrate to DAB Diluent and mix well before use.
11. Apply 100–400 µl DAB to each section and monitor closely. 1–10 min generally provides an acceptable staining intensity.
12. Immerse slides in dH2O.
13. If desired, counterstain sections with hematoxylin.
14. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
15. Dehydrate sections: Incubate sections in 95% ethanol two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in 100% ethanol, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in xylene, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each.
16. Mount sections with coverslips and mounting medium.

참조

  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29463059/

적용 데이터

WB

Selleck 검증

  • F2228-wb
    Lane 1: Jurkat
    Lane 2: HeLa
    Lane 3: Mouse spleen

IHC

Selleck 검증

  • F2228-IHC1
    Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded human Colorectal cancer tissue with F2228 at 1/100 dilution.