IκBs are a family of related proteins that have an N-terminal regulatory domain, followed by six or more ankyrin repeats and a PEST domain near their C terminus. IκBα is the best-studied and major IκB protein. [show the full text]
IκBs are a family of related proteins that have an N-terminal regulatory domain, followed by six or more ankyrin repeats and a PEST domain near their C terminus. IκBα is the best-studied and major IκB protein. [show the full text]
| Cat.nr. | Productnaam | Informatie | Productgebruik Citaten | Productvalidaties |
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| S8922 | TBK1/IKKε-IN-5 | TBK1/IKKε-IN-5 (verbinding 1) is een dubbele remmer van TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) en IκB kinase-ε (IKKε/IKK-i) met een IC50 van respectievelijk 1,0 nM en 5,6 nM voor TBK1 en IKKε. TBK1/IKKε-remming verbetert de respons op PD-1-blokkade, wat de tumorrespons in vivo effectief voorspelt. |
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| S9042 | Wedelolactone | Wedelolactone, een natuurlijke verbinding afgeleid van medicinale planten, is een remmer van IKK dat cruciaal is voor de activering van NF-κB door de fosforylering en afbraak van IκBα te mediëren. Deze verbinding is ook een remmer van caspase-11. |
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| S8078 | Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) | Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402, TP-155, NSC 713200, CDDO Methyl Ester, CDDO-Me) is een IKK-inhibitor, die krachtige proapoptotische en ontstekingsremmende activiteiten vertoont; tevens een potente Nrf2-activator en nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-inhibitor. Bardoxolone Methyl heft ferroptosis op. Bardoxolone methyl induceert apoptosis en autophagy in kankercellen. |
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| S1396 | Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol) | Resveratrol heeft een breed spectrum aan doelwitten, waaronder cyclooxygenasen (d.w.z. COX, IC50=1,1 M), lipooxygenasen (LOX, IC50=2,7 M), kinasen, sirtuïnes en andere eiwitten. Het heeft anti-kanker, ontstekingsremmende, bloedsuikerverlagende en andere gunstige cardiovasculaire effecten. Resveratrol induceert mitofagie/autofagie en autofagie-afhankelijke apoptose. |
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| S2882 | IKK-16 | IKK-16 is een selectieve IκB kinase (IKK)-remmer voor IKK-2, IKK complex en IKK-1 met IC50 van respectievelijk 40 nM, 70 nM en 200 nM in celvrije assays. IKK-16 remt ook LRRK2 Ser935-fosforylering in cellen en LRRK2 kinase-activiteit in vitro met een IC50 van 50 nM. |
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| S2824 | TPCA-1 | TPCA-1 (GW683965) is een remmer van IKK-2 met een IC50 van 17,9 nM in een celvrije test, remt de NF-κB route, vertoont 22-voudige selectiviteit over IKK-1. TPCA-1 is ook een remmer van STAT3 en verbetert apoptose. |
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| S8044 | BMS-345541 | BMS-345541 is een zeer selectieve remmer van de katalytische subeenheden van IKK-2 en IKK-1 met respectievelijk een IC50 van 0,3 μM en 4 μM in celvrije assays. |
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| S7352 | Bay 11-7085 | BAY 11-7085 (Bay 11-7083) is een irreversibele remmer van TNFα-geïnduceerde IκBα-fosforylering met een IC50 van 10 μM. |
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| S2864 | IMD 0354 | IMD-0354 (IKK2 Inhibitor V) is een IKKβ-remmer en blokkeert IκBα-fosforylatie in de NF-κB-route. |
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| S7948 | MRT67307 HCl | MRT67307 is een potente en dubbele IKKϵ en TBK1 remmer met IC50 van respectievelijk 160 en 19 nM. MRT67307 remt potent ULK1 en ULK2 en blokkeert autophagy. |
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IκB (Inhibitor of κB) functions as a primary inhibitor of NF-κB activation, with an N-terminal regulatory domain, followed by six or more ankyrin repeats and a PEST domain near their C terminus. [1] IκB family contains eight known members, IκBα, IκBβ, IκBε, Bcl-3 (B-cell lymphoma 3), IκBζ, and IκBns (NF-κBδ), as well as the precursor Rel proteins p100 (NF-κB2) and p105 (NF-κB1) due to the presence of multiple ankyrin repeats in their C-terminal halves. IκBα and IκBβ are broadly expressed in all type of cells, whereas IκBε is expressed only in hematopoietic cells. Bcl-3, IκBζ and IkBNS are atypical IκB proteins that exhibit limited expression following NF-κB activation. The regulation of IκB proteins varies by protein type, and each IκB moiety exhibits a unique affinity for NF-κB complexes. [2]
In unstimulated cells, the IκBα proteins mask the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins, keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. In response to stimuli, IκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylates IκBα leading to the degradation of IκBα, and subsequent NF-κB activation. IκBα expression can be activated by NF-κB to generate a negative feedback loop. Similar to IκBα, IκBβ acts by sequestering p65- and c-Rel-containing complexes in the cytoplasm. However, nuclear localized IκBβ also binds to p65:c-Rel heterodimers, promoting continued binding to specific κB sites, and augmenting late transcription of select target genes (i.e. TNF and IL-1β). IκBε is induced slowly, and selectively regulates p65 homodimers and c-Rel:p65 heterodimers. Bcl-3 functions as a transcriptional co-activator that may both inhibit and facilitate NF-κB-dependent transcription in a context-specific manner. Like Bcl-3, IκBζ can enhance transcription in association with p50 NF-κB dimmers despite the prescence of distinct mechanisms. IκBns selectively inhibits NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory gene expression by stabilizing p50 homodimers at κB sites. In addition to exclusively stabilizing RelB dimers, p100 itself can act more broadly in inhibiting NF-κB dimers. The p105 also acts like a typical IκB protein, and is additionally associated with the activation of the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway through the binding of MAP3K8 (TPL2). Moreover, the functions of individual IκB family members are quite heterogeneous and are not limited to this particular role in regulating NF-κB signaling. [2]
In oncology, the direct activation of NF-κB complexes through the loss of the inhibitory proteins IκBα and IκBε has been observed in Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Since the NF-κB signal pathway plays a critical role in tumorigenesis bv way of abberant IκB activity, a variety of compounds targeting IKK and its associated enzymes are in clinical development. [3] For instance, the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade®) has been approved by the FDA for use in haematological malignancies. [4] In addition, Bortezomib is currently being explored in clinical development for its efficacy against solid tumors (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00479128).