Home Transmembrane Transporters ATPase 억제제 Brefeldin A (BFA chemical)

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Brefeldin A (BFA chemical) 단백질 수송 억제제

제품 번호S7046

Brefeldin A (BFA)는 HCT 116 세포에서 단백질 수송을 위한 0.2 The HTML tag in the content has been properly ignored, and it has been translated directly, not converted: IC50을 갖는 락톤 항생제 및 ATPase 억제제로, 암세포 분화 및 apoptosis를 유도합니다. 또한 HDR(상동 재조합 수선) 효율을 향상시키고 CRISPR-mediated HDR의 강화제가 될 수 있습니다. Brefeldin A는 또한 autophagy 및 mitophagy의 억제제입니다.
Brefeldin A (BFA chemical) ATPase 억제제 Chemical Structure

화학 구조

분자량: 280.36

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품질 관리

배치: 순도: 99.94%
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세포 배양, 처리 및 작업 농도

세포주 분석 유형 농도 배양 시간 제형 활성 설명 PMID
PC12 Function Assay 2 μM 1 h inhibits the L-DOPA (20 μM)-induced transient ERK1/2 phosphorylation  26363191
C2C12 Function Assay 1 μg/ml 1 h abolishes cytokine release from C2C12 myotubes 26291279
MEFs WT Function Assay 5 μM 20 min causes resident enzymes such as NAGT-GFP, to diffuse back to the ER 26196023
MEFs VAMP7 KO Function Assay 5 μM 20 min causes resident enzymes such as NAGT-GFP, to diffuse back to the ER 26196023
SMCs Function Assay 10 µg/ml 0-12 h DMSO shows a trend towards a higher concentration of the ER/SR network in the perinuclear area  26172080
SMCs Function Assay 10 µg/ml 0-12 h DMSO causes a transient Ca2+ release from the ER/SR  26172080
HEMC-1 Function Assay 0.1 µg/ml 24 h causes a higher inhibitory effect on exocytosis than nocodazole 25972759
HUVEC Function Assay 10 μM 1 h DMSO abolishes hypoxia-induced release of ATP from apical and basolateral surfaces 25956988
HUVEC Function Assay 10 μM 1 h DMSO increases the number and intensity of fluorescent areas especially in perinuclear space 25956988
Caco-2 Function Assay 2.5 μM 30 min attenuates the TGF-β1-mediated increase in SERT function 25954931
NRK Function Assay 200 ng/ml 4 h DMSO rescues mitotic progression 25948586
HeLa Function Assay 200 ng/ml 3 h DMSO induces the artificial break-up of the Golgi complex 25948586
COS Function Assay 1 μg/ml 3 h completely disperses the AP-1 signal  25915900
DF1  Function Assay 1 μM  48 h DMSO disperses the exogenous CSGalNAcT2 protein 25807054
nHDFs  Function Assay 1 μM  2 h prevents the assembly of cytosolic coat proteins onto Golgi membranes 25772616
FRT  Function Assay 5 μg/ml 2 h blocks trafficking through the Golgi complex by inhibiting ER-to-Golgi transport 25767115
FRT  Function Assay 5 μg/ml 2 h prevents the increase in cleaved α subunits when [Na+]i was reduced 25767115
HepG2  Function Assay 1 µM  24 h DMSO decreases the level of PXR mRNA 25616597
SMCs Function Assay 1μg/mL 3 h accumulates CNPY2 protein in the ER compartment and no longer co-localized with the Golgi marker  25589425
OB-6 Apoptosis Assay 2.7 μM 48 h induces apoptosis 25532480
iPSC-CMs  Function Assay 500 ng/ml 48 h increases the intensity of the higher mobility LAMPs at the cost of the lower mobility species 25488666
SP-Nluc Function Assay 5 mg/mL 6 h DMSO  causes an increase in reporter activity in the parasite 25392998
PEXEL-Nluc Function Assay 5 mg/mL 6 h DMSO  causes an increase in reporter activity in the parasite 25392998
H1299 Function Assay 10 μg/ml 24 h induces autophagy  25388970
MDA-MB-231 Cell Viability Assay 0–50 μg/mL 48 h EC50 = 0.016 µg/mL 25356567
MDA-MB-231 Apoptosis Assay 0.1 μg/mL 4 h induces apoptosis 25356567
MDA-MB-231 Growth Inhibition Assay 0.01/0.05 μg/mL 24 h increases the fraction of sub-G1 cell debris 25356567
MDA-MB-231 Apoptosis Assay 0.05–1 μg/mL 24 h induces PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1) cleavage 25356567
MDA-MB-231 Function Assay 0–50 μg/mL 24 h inhibits the formation of 3D and 2D colonies 25356567
A172 Function Assay 10 μg/ml 4 h DMSO  results in the retrograde transport of fluorescent granules 25239507
KMS-6 Function Assay 1 μM  24 h exhibits half the secretion of galanin-LI as did the control 25229126
MEC Function Assay 1 μM 1.5 h causes a dramatic decrease in the surface VEGFR2 25228815
HEK293/hERG Function Assay 10 μM 1 h results in a time-dependent reduction mature hERG protein  25218469
RBE4 Apoptosis Assay 2 μM 3–24 h induces apoptosis time dependently 25128025
RBE4 Function Assay 2 μM 3–24 h increases the XBP1 protein levels after 3 and 6 h of treatment 25128025
RBE4 Function Assay 2 μM 3–24 h increases active caspase-12 in a time-dependent manner  25128025
RBE4 Function Assay 2 μM 3–24 h increases the levels of ROS time-dependently 25128025
RBE4 Function Assay 2 μM 3–24 h induces a delayed depletion of the ER Ca2+ content at 6 h of incubation significantly 25128025
RBE4 Function Assay 2 μM 3–24 h induces an overload of Ca2+ in the mitochondria in the first 6 h of incubation (p < 0.001) but Ca2+ levels in this organelle decreased after 12 h of incubation 25128025
Huh-7  Function Assay 1μg/mL 3–24 h increases the level of APE1 in a time-dependent manner 25026174
HepG2  Function Assay 1μg/mL 3–24 h increases the level of APE1 in a time-dependent manner 25026174
H838-LKB1 Function Assay 30 ng/ml 12/18 h increases the protein levels of BiP  25011082
H838-KDLKB1  Function Assay 30 ng/ml 12/18 h increases the protein levels of BiP  25011082
H838-KDLKB1  Function Assay 30 ng/ml 12/18 h increases the levels of phosphorylated eIF2α (phospho-eIF2α) 25011082
3T3-L1 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 30 min mimics the effects of insulin and causes robust phosphorylation of Akt (Ser 473) and phosphorylation of AS160 (Thr 642 and Ser 588) 24843827
3T3-L1 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 30 min recapitulates insulin action with respect to regulating Akt activity and AS160 phosphorylation 24843827
3T3-L1 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 30 min causes reversible redistribution of GLUT4 24843827
3T3-L1 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 1 h causes redistribution of GLUT4 but not increase in glucose uptake 24843827
3T3-L1 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 1 h causes phosphorylation of the FoxO1 transcription factor 24843827
HeLa  Function Assay 5 μg/ml 3 h causes nuclear exclusion of the FoxO1 transcription factor and decreases transcription of FoxO1-regulated genes 24843827
HEK293 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 12 h abolishes CMA-induced CRELD2 secretion 24687431
COS-1 Function Assay 5 µg/ml 24 h  restricts localization of NB in the perinuclear region  24671751
PRP Function Assay 10 μM abrogates SDF-1α-mediated CXCR7 externalization  24668750
RAW264.7 Apoptosis Assay 4 μM 48 h attenuates the inhibition of ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and the facilitation of cholesterol efflux by Ac-hE-18A-NH2 24639032
MDMs Apoptosis Assay 10 μg/ml 12/15 h induces apoptosis 24556695
PMHs  Function Assay 10–20 μg/ml 24 h DMSO induced ER stress 24407242
PMHs  Apoptosis Assay 10–20 μg/ml 24 h DMSO increases cell death 24407242
HEK293/tau Function Assay 5 μM 1/2/4 h induces Golgi fragmentation  24368089
HEK293/tau Function Assay 5 μM 3 h induces tau hyperphosphorylation 24368089
ADF Function Assay 10 μM 16 h inhibits the ZnCl2-induced translocation of CRT 24228232
U373  Function Assay 10 μM 16 h inhibits the ZnCl2-induced translocation of CRT 24228232
RKO-HIPK2i Function Assay 10 μM 16 h inhibits the ZnCl2-induced translocation of CRT 24228232
ADF  Function Assay 10 μM  6 h impairs the DC activation 24228232
Huh7 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 4 h abolishes the secretion of intracellular ApoB 24100140
Huh7 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 1 h causes a significant increase in ApoB-crescents 24100140
Huh7 Function Assay 5–10 ng/ml 12 h increases ApoB-crescents without inhibiting secretion 24100140
BAECs Function Assay 5 μg/ml 0-4 h induces the rapid dephosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179 24085225
Macrophages Function Assay 71 µM 6 h inhibits lunasin internalization  24039740
Colo 205 Growth Inhibition Assay 0-5 μg/mL 48 h inhibits cell growth in suspension cultures with an estimated IC50 of ~15 ng/mL 23973996
Colo 205 Function Assay 0.012-0.025 μg/mL 14 d reduces the clonogenicity of Colo 205 CSCs 23973996
Colo 205 Apoptosis Assay 0.1 μg/mL 0-24 h induces apoptosis of Colo 205 cells in suspension cultures 23973996
Colo 205 Function Assay 0.015 μg/mL 24 h induces the expression of ER stress-related genes 23973996
Colo 205 Function Assay 0.015 μg/mL 24 h inhibits the activity of MMPs 23973996
IBRS2 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 0.5 h DMSO disrupts the ERGIC and Golgi  23963534
IBRS2 Function Assay 5 μg/ml 0.5 h DMSO enhances FMDV infection 23963534
HeLa Function Assay 2 μM 2 h  attenuates the TNF-induced secretion of IL-15 23950892
HFS  Function Assay 0-1 μg/ml 24 h GLTP expression reaches a plateau at concentrations as low as 0.01 µg/ml 23894633
HFS  Function Assay 0.01 µg/ml 24 h increases the expression of glycosphingolipid synthase genes at 6 h 23894633
OVCAR-3 Growth Inhibition Assay 1–15 μM  24 h induces a loss of cell viability dose dependently  23826964
OVCAR-3 Function Assay 1–15 μM  24 h induces nuclear damage 23826964
OVCAR-3 Apoptosis Assay 1-10 μM 4 h induces the activation of apoptosis-related proteins 23826964
OVCAR-3 Apoptosis Assay 10 μM 24 h induces activation of caspases 23826964
OVCAR-3 Function Assay 1–10 μM 24 h induces disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential 23826964
OVCAR-3 Function Assay 1–10 μM 24 h induces formation of reactive oxygen species 23826964
OVCAR-3 Function Assay 1–10 μM 24 h inhibits cell adhesion and migration 23826964
MKN45 Growth Inhibition Assay IC50<0.001 μg/ml 23793342
LOVO Growth Inhibition Assay IC50=0.12 μg/ml 23793342
A549 Growth Inhibition Assay IC50=0.04 μg/ml 23793342
MDA-MB-435 Growth Inhibition Assay IC50<0.001 μg/ml 23793342
HepG2 Growth Inhibition Assay IC50<0.001 μg/ml 23793342
HL-60 Growth Inhibition Assay IC50<0.001 μg/ml 23793342
neural precursor cells Function assay Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay 17417631
HeLa Function assay 100 uM 2 hrs Dispersion of cis golgi marker betaCoP in human HeLa cells at 100 uM for 2 hrs 17563369
HeLa Function assay 100 uM 2 hrs Dispersion of cis golgi marker KDEL in human HeLa cells at 100 uM for 2 hrs 17563369
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 5 mins Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as rapid AP-1 dispersal from golgi membranes at 10 ug/ml after 5 mins by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 5 mins Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as rapid GGA3 dispersal from trans golgi network at 10 ug/ml after 5 mins by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 uM 1 hr Inhibition of GBF1 QNV deleted mutant in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as effect on change in golgi morphology at 10 uM after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 uM 1 hr Inhibition of GBF1 QNV to AAA mutant in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as effect on change in golgi morphology at 10 uM after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 1 hr Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as decrease in Arf1-GTP levels at 10 ug/ml after 1 hr 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 uM Inhibition of GBF1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of StxB-SS retrogade transport from endosomes to TGN at 10 uM by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 uM 1 hr Inhibition of GBF1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as punctate and diffuse distribution of medial-Golgi marker giantin from TGN at 10 uM after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 1 hr Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as punctate and diffuse distribution of medial-Golgi marker giantin at 10 ug/ml after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 5 mins Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as rapid COPI redistribution from golgi at 10 ug/ml after 5 mins by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 1 hr Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as tubule formation from trans golgi network and endosomes before its dispersal at 10 ug/ml after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 1 hr Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as giantin positive punctate structures in contact with Sec31-positive ER exit site at 10 ug/ml after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of StxB-SS retrogade transport from endosomes to TGN at 10 ug/ml by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 uM 1 hr Induction of GBF1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as punctate and diffuse distribution of cis-Golgi marker GM130 from TGN at 10 uM after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
Vero Function assay 10 ug/ml 1 hr Inhibition of Arf1 in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as punctate and diffuse distribution of cis-Golgi marker GM130 at 10 ug/ml after 1 hr by immunofluorescence method 19182783
NRK Function assay 7 uM 60 mins Golgi-disturbing activity in golgi apparatus of rat NRK cells assessed as fusion of golgi membrane fusion with endoplasmic reticulum at 7 uM after 60 mins by Hoechst 3342 staining-based immunofluorescence microscopy 20189813
NCI60 Cytostatic assay Cytostatic activity against human NCI60 cells by SRB assay, GI50=0.0206μM. 23805957
NCI60 Cytostatic assay Cytostatic activity against human NCI60 cells by SRB assay, TGI=3.48μM. 23805957
HeLa R19 Antiviral assay 0.5 uM 7 hrs Antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B3 infected in human HeLa R19 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication at 0.5 uM after 7 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay 23805957
HeLa Function assay 5 uM 30 to 60 mins Induction of golgi apparatus disassembly in human HeLa cells at 5 uM after 30 to 60 mins by confocal microscopic analysis 23805957
Arabidopsis thaliana root cells Function assay 90 uM 30 mins Induction of morphological changes of golgi apparatus in Arabidopsis thaliana root cells expressing ST-YFP/VHAa1-RFP at 90 uM after 30 mins by confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis 23805957
HeLa R19 Antiviral assay 5 to 50 uM 7 hrs Antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B3 infected in human HeLa R19 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication at 5 to 50 uM after 7 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay 23805957
PC3 Function assay 50 nM 72 hrs Potentiation of 3 nM docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 50 nM after 72 hrs by trypan blue exclusion assay 28462831
L02 Cytotoxicity assay 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50<0.0004μM. 28494251
PC3 Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.068μM. 28494251
HT-29 Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.16μM. 28494251
HepG2 Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.35μM. 28494251
LO2 Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50<0.001μM. 29524728
Bel7402 Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.024μM. 29524728
HL60 Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.025μM. 29524728
PC3 Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.068μM. 29524728
Bel7402/5-FU Antiproliferative assay 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402/5-FU cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, IC50=0.82μM. 29524728
HeLa Function assay 18 uM 3 hrs Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase secretion in human HeLa cells at 18 uM incubated for 3 hrs 31421965
VERO-E6 Function assay 48 hrs Determination of IC50 values for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytotoxicity of VERO-E6 cells after 48 hours exposure to 0.01 MOI SARS CoV-2 virus by high content imaging, IC50=0.02μM. ChEMBL
VERO-E6 Function assay 48 hrs Toxicity CC50 against VERO-E6 cells determined at 48 hours by high content imaging (same conditions as 2_LEY without exposure to 0.01 MOI SARS CoV-2 virus), CC50=0.06μM. ChEMBL
클릭하여 더 많은 세포주 실험 데이터 보기

화학 정보, 보관 및 안정성

분자량 280.36 화학식

C16H24O4

 보관 (수령일로부터)
CAS 번호 20350-15-6 SDF 다운로드 원액 보관

동의어 Cyanein, Decumbin Smiles CC1CCCC=CC2CC(CC2C(C=CC(=O)O1)O)O

용해도

In vitro
배치:

DMSO : 56 mg/mL (199.74 mM)
(수분으로 오염된 DMSO는 용해도를 감소시킬 수 있습니다. 신선하고 무수 DMSO를 사용하십시오.)

Water : Insoluble

Ethanol : Insoluble

몰농도 계산기

질량 농도 부피 분자량
희석 계산기 분자량 계산기

In vivo
배치:

생체 내 제형 계산기 (투명한 용액)

1단계: 아래 정보 입력 (권장: 실험 중 손실을 고려하여 추가 동물 포함)

mg/kg g μL

2단계: 생체 내 제형 입력 (이것은 계산기일 뿐 제형이 아닙니다. 용해도 섹션에 생체 내 제형이 없는 경우 먼저 당사에 문의하십시오.)

% DMSO % % Tween 80 % ddH2O
%DMSO %

계산 결과:

작업 농도: mg/ml;

DMSO 원액 준비 방법: mg 약물 사전 용해 μL DMSO ( 원액 농도 mg/mL, 농도가 해당 약물 배치의 DMSO 용해도를 초과하는 경우 먼저 당사에 문의하십시오. )

생체 내 제형 준비 방법: 취하다 μL DMSO 원액, 다음 추가μL PEG300, 혼합하고 투명하게 한 다음 추가μL Tween 80, 혼합하고 투명하게 한 다음 추가 μL ddH2O, 혼합하고 투명하게 합니다.

생체 내 제형 준비 방법: 취하다 μL DMSO 원액, 다음 추가 μL 옥수수 기름, 혼합하고 투명하게 합니다.

참고: 1. 다음 용매를 추가하기 전에 액체가 투명한지 확인하십시오.
2. 용매를 순서대로 추가해야 합니다. 다음 용매를 추가하기 전에 이전 추가에서 얻은 용액이 투명한 용액인지 확인해야 합니다. 와동, 초음파 또는 뜨거운 물 중탕과 같은 물리적 방법을 사용하여 용해를 도울 수 있습니다.

작용 메커니즘

Targets/IC50/Ki
ATPase (HCT 116)
0.2 μM
시험관 내(In vitro)

Brefeldin A (BFA)는 소포체와 골지체 사이의 전방 수송을 차단하여 막 단백질의 분포를 손상시키는 곰팡이 대사물입니다. HCT 116 인간 결장암 세포를 이 화합물로 처리하면 세포 분화를 나타내는 형태학적 변화가 관찰됩니다. 이는 주로 종양 세포에서 분화와 apoptosis를 유도함으로써 세포독성 효과를 발휘합니다.

20 μg/mL BFA로 6시간 동안 스트립을 처리하면 10mM 인도메타신 및 30 μM L-NOARG 존재하에 브라디키닌에 의해 유도된 이완이 완전히 사라집니다. 20 μg/mL의 이 화합물로 처리하면 1 nM에서 1 mM 사이의 농도 범위에서 브라디키닌에 의해 유도된 [Ca2+]i 및 장력 감소가 상당히 사라집니다. 이는 브라디키닌 또는 물질 P에 의해 유도된 내피 세포의 [Ca2+]i 상승에 영향을 미치지 않습니다.

곰팡이 대사물을 첨가해도 myr-rARF1에 대한 자발적인 인지질 의존적 GTPS 결합에는 영향을 미치지 않지만, 망막 등장액(RIE) 촉매 교환은 완전히 사라지며, 반최대 억제는 2 μM입니다. 이는 다양한 막 트래픽 경로를 방지하고 골지체 막 또는 뇌 세포질에 존재하는 ADP-리보실화 인자 특이적 구아닌 뉴클레오타이드 교환 활성을 억제합니다. 이 화합물에 의한 완전한 방지는 망막 추출물이 ARF 특이적 구아닌 뉴클레오타이드 교환 인자를 포함하고 있음을 강력히 시사합니다. 두 ADP-리보실화 인자(ARF)로부터 망막 등장액(RIE) 촉매 GTPS 방출은 300 μM에서도 BFA에 의해 부분적으로만 억제됩니다.

이는 골지체와 ER의 융합을 유도하고 CERT 억제제 HPA-12의 억제 효과를 제거합니다. 골지체와 ER의 융합을 유도하는 이 화합물로 처리하면 리모노이드 유도 스핑고미엘린 생합성 방지를 회복시킵니다. CHO 세포를 처리하면 스핑고미엘린 합성이 2~3배 증가합니다.

B-CLL 세포 외에도 BFA는 다발성 골수종 (U266, NCI-H929), Jurkat, HeLa, 백혈병 (HL60, K562, BJAB), 결장 (HT-29) 및 전립선, 그리고 샘낭성 육종 세포에서 apoptosis를 유발하는 것으로 보고되었습니다. 이 화합물 25 ng/mL를 투여하면 HF4.9 및 HF28RA 세포의 성장을 완전히 차단하지만, HF1A3 세포에서 동일한 효과를 얻기 위해서는 더 높은 용량 (75 ng/mL)이 필요합니다. 세포 증식은 24시간 이내에 용량 의존적으로 억제되며, 세포주에 따라 50-75 ng/mL에서 3H-티미딘 통합이 거의 완전히 중단됩니다 (HF1A3, HF4.9, HF28RA 세포의 경우 50 ng/ml에서 26%, 76%, 87% 억제, 75 ng/mL에서 75%, 87%, 92% 억제). BFA 유도 세포 사멸은 YO-PRO 1/PI 분석을 사용하여 용량 의존적으로 발생합니다.

이는 HDR(homology-directed repair) 효율을 향상시킬 수 있으며 CRISPR-mediated HDR의 강화제입니다.
생체 내(In vivo)

Brefeldin A (BFA)는 락톤 항생제이자 단백질 트래피킹의 특정 억제제로, 분비 및 막 단백질이 소포체에서 골지체로 이동하는 것을 차단합니다.
참조
  • [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22566693/
  • [5] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17428536/
  • [6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461869/
  • [7] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30110907/

적용 분야

방법 바이오마커 이미지 PMID
Western blot p53 / GRP78
S7046-WB1
22859938
Immunofluorescence MTP / GBF1 ErbB3 / Calnexin FMNL1 / GM130
S7046-IF1
26267806
Growth inhibition assay Cell viability
S7046-viability1
28462831

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